Loom



June 12, 1951 A. BOOTH 2,556,643

LOOM

Filed March s, 1947 y 5 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR ARTHUR BOOTHr ATTORNEYS A. BOOTH June 12, 1951 LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 8, 1947 INVENTOR ARTHUR BOOTH ATTORNEYS June 12, 1951 A, BQOTH 2,556,643

LOOM Filed March 8, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 "l v (j 24 ATTomgEYs June l2, 1951 Filed March 8, 1947 FIG. 9

A. BOOTH LOOM 5 sheets-sheet 4 INVETOR ARTHUR BOOTH ATTORNEYS A. BOOTH June 12, 1951 LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 8', 1947 llxilljllllllll l f IVENTOR ARTHUR BOOTH E ,&,MMF

ATTORNEYS Patented June 12, n1951 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE 10 Claims.

This invention relates to weaving looms and more particularly to looms of the portable man ually operable type.

The main object of the invention is to provide a more eicient harness actuating means whereby the heddle frames may be more effectively operated.

The loom, according to the present invention, is basically similar to the majority of hand looms of this class in so far as the course of travel of the yarn or warp is concerned. Like other looms, the yarn leaves the warp beam which is situated at the rear of the frame and passes over a rear rail, then through the heddles and through a beater or reed, then over the front breast rail and then being wound around the cloth beam located at the front of the loom frame.

The harness frames, six in the disclosed embodiment of the invention, each carry an aline 'ment of heddles and are raised and lowered by means of a system of under pivoted levers, instead of the usual practice of overhead ropes and pulleys. The lam which controls the actuation of the heddle frame through said under pivoted levers is actuated by a treadle to which it is connected by an adjustable link. Any number of these lams and links may be connected to a single treadle, which is provided with a series of openings to accommodate this purpose. The treadles are pivoted on a common shaft, and the entire assembly may be retracted into the body oi the loom. A wing nut adjustment at the center of the vertical main member of the loom frame permits the loom to be folded or closed to provide a compact unitary structure whereby the loom may be readily transported.

The foregoing and other objects and features of the present invention will appear in the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of the loom in its operating position.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the shuttle.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2'.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view corresponding to Fig. l but showing the loom in its folded position,

Fig. 6 is a detail in perspective showing the means for facilitating the connection of the warp threads to the cloth beam.

Fig. '7 is a sidev elevation of the loom as viewed from the right of Fig. 1, with a modified treadle mechanism.

Fig; 8 is a sectional detail of the guides for the 2 -heddle harness frames taken on the line 8 8 o Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the loom, with some parts broken away and some omitted, showing particularly the mechanism which connects the operating treadles with the harness frames.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary rear elevation showH ing the structure of the warp beam and some of its operating mechanism.

Fig. 1l is a section of the warp beam taken on yline H ll of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary detail of the counter gearlng.

Having reference to Figs. 1, '7 and 9 of the drawings, the frame of the loom comprises spaced-apart base members l2 and I3 to which are secured vertically disposed side members land i5, which in turn are rigidly held in predetermined spaced relation by front and rear cross members I6 and i1, and a top member i5.

A warp beam, indicated generally at E9., car ries the supply of Warp threads 23 and is rotatably carried on a shaft 2|, Figs. 11 and l2, suitably journaled, as hereinafter described, in a pivoted frame comprising side rails 22-22, and a top rail 23. Side rails 32 are carried pivotally on bolts 24 at the rear of the base members l2? and I3. A front breast rail 25, over which the warp 2t travels in well-known fashion, forms a part of a pivotable frame comprising also a pair of side rails 26 and 2'! to which said front rail 25 is attached by means of wing nuts 28. Side rails 25 and 2l are mounted pivotally on a shaft 2Q at the front of the base members i2 and i3.

The pivoted frames comprising rails 23 and 25 are maintained in proper angular position with respect to the base members l 2 and i3 by means of two pairs of side elements or braces 3i and 32 and a clamping means comprising a bolt and a wing nut 33, one such clamping device for each pair of braces 3| and 32. Each clamping device is adapted to be slidable in respective slots 3d in vertical side members I4 and l5 so that the wing nut 33, when loosened, permits the lowering of the side braces 3l and 32, as shown in Fig. 5, which in turn causes the angularly disposed. rails or posts 22 22 and 2li-21 to be pivoted into a substantially vertical position for storage purposes or to facilitate the transportation of the loom.

In Fig. 7 is illustrated the course of the warp thread 20 from the warp beam i9 about which the supply of warp is wound. The warp threads pass singly side by side over the rear rail 23, each warp thread 20 is then threaded through the eye 46 of the heddle 35, a series of which is carried in each of a plurality of harness or heddle frames 36. The warp threads are then directed between the reeds 3I carried by a reed frame S8, and then over the front breast rail 25 to a cloth beam 33. A means for facilitating the introduction of a new warp comprises a bar il to which the warp threads 20 are secured, and cords @i2 are attached to lacing loops 42| permanently attached to the cloth beam 33. The cords 2 are looped around the bar 4l and through the loops 42.1 as shown. Moreover, the cords i2 are of a length to extend from the cloth beam 3Q up over the front breast rail 25 for the purpose of convenience in attaching the warp threads and of drawing the end of the warp and the woven cloth to the cloth beam 33 on which the cloth is to be wound.

The harness actuating means is shown in Figs. 7 and 9, As previously alluded to, the harness frames 35 support therein on upper and lower rods 43 and 45, a plurality of heddles 35. These heddles 35 are formed at each end with eyelets 45, through the instrumentality of which they are adapted to ride loosely on the rods i3 and da. As more clearly shown in Fig. 9, the heddles 35 are provided intermediate their ends with eyelets 46 through which the warp is threaded The harness frames 35 are slidably mounted for vertical recprocation in runways or tracks fil disposed on the inner confronting surfaces of the side members Id and l5. In the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 8, the tracks fil are formed by inserting a U-shaped section of metal 28 inside of another U-shaped section of metal 39 of greater Width so as to provide three tracks il of equal width. In the loom structure shown, two such track assemblies are provided, thereby accommodating six harness frames 36.

The harness frames 35 are adapted to be raised and lowered by means of a system of underpivoted levers I and 52 (Fig. 9). Each pair 5I-52 is associated with a harness frame 35 and its respective lam 53. Each lam 53 is actuated by a treadle 5d in the form of a treadle lever to which the lam is connected by a link 55. The upper ends of these links are of hook formation to enable them to be readily shifted to engage apertures 56 in different lams 53. The links 55 are loosely slidable in apertures 5l in the treadle levers 54 and have nuts or heads E@ against which the treadle levers bear for transmitting motion to the lams 53.

Any number of lams 53 may be connected to a single treadle 54, which is provided with a series of openings 5.1 (Figs. 1 and 7) to accommodate links for this purpose. 'I'he treadles 54 comprise a metal bar 58 and a flanged hinge element 59 through which said treadles are pivotally supported on a common shaft 5I carried by a pair of side arms 52 which are in turn mounted pivotally on the shaft 29 and constitute a treadle supporting frame. Secured to each treadle portion 58 is a foot member E3. With the construction shown, the entire treadle assembly may be folded into the body of the loom, as illustrated in Fig. 5, without disconnecting the linkage between the pedals and lams.

Each lever of the pair of levers iii- 52 is connected to its associated lam 53 by means of a link 69, and to its associated harness frame 3B by a link 10, Levers 5&-52 are pivotally mounted in scissor-fashion upon a common stud shaft 1l xed to frame bars l-l 1. Thus, upon the actuation or depression of a treadle 54, the operated lam or lams 53 will be lowered, as will appear from Fig. 9, and the levers 5I-52 will be rotated in opposite directions to raise, through links l5, the harness frame 35. The links 69 function as tension members whereby the lam 53 pulls down the corresponding arms of the levers 5I and 52 and the links 1l] function as thrust members whereby the respectively opposite ends of the levers 52 lift the harness frame 36, which normally slides by gravity to its lowered position. With the present invention any number of lams 53 can be operated by a single treadle, and with the novel scissor arrangement of levers 5l and 52, the lam 53 is always parallel regardless of the point thereon where the pul1 of its link 55 is applied.

The reed frame 38 fits within a beater` frame 64 pivotally mounted on pivots 65 to the base members l2 and I3. Reeds 31 are appropriately mounted in upper rail 66 and lower rail 'l7 the lower rail 'l'being made Wider to form a slideway for a shuttle 68, Figs. l and 7.

The warp beam i9 (Figs. l, l0 and 1l) is composed of four removable slats 'i3 fitted into end pieces 'lai through the center of which passes the shaft 2l. Slats i3 are held in place by means of hook and eye instrumentalities 10. Each slat I3 is provided with a longitudina1 row of pegs 14, which are also disposed so as to provide circumferential rows, thus producing suitable spacing for warp threads of different colors.` The shaft 2| is journaled on side rails 2i and 22, and a handle 'I5 is adapted to t into one end thereof as shown in Fig. 10 to enable the warp beam I9 to be manually rotated to unwind the warp threads 2i) at appropriate times.

A ratchet 'l5 is secured to the warp beam and a detent pawl 'l1 cooperates therewith. Pawl 'l1 is slidably supported in a guide member 'I8 mounted on the inside face of rail 2l and to said pawl Tl is attached an operating cord 19 which extends through eyelets 8|, 32 and 83 and terminates in a handle 84. The purpose of cord 19 and pawl 11 is to release the warp beam I9 for rotation to release a new supply of warp threads. Secured to handle 'E5 is a gear tooth 85 which acts upon each revolution of the warp beam i9 to operate an indicator gear member 8G so adjusted as to indicate the approximate amount of warp thread released from the warp beam. This indication may be represented by dial characters on the face of gear 85, as for example, numerals such as 19, 20, l, 2, and 3 shown in Fig, l2,

The cloth beam 39 is journaled ina pair of brackets 8l extending from front cross member I6. Fastened to the cloth beam 39 is a ratchet wheel 88 which cooperates with a detent pawl 89 suitably mounted on the bracket 87 adjacent the ratchet wheel 82. Carried in an extension of the cloth beam 39 is a handle 9| by means of which clockwise rotation may be imparted to wheel 88 and beam 33 to take up the woven fabric as it is finished.

In Fig. 7 is shown a modified form of treadle 32 which comprises a metal bar 93 offset to accommodate the adjustable ends of the links 94 which are provided with nuts and lock nuts for adjusting purposes. The bar 33 is formed with depending flanges through which the treadles are pivotally supported on the common shaft 5I' journaled in the side arms 62, as previously described. Secured to each bar 93 is a foot board 96.

Having reference to Figs. 7 and 10, the shaft 2 I is shown uiournaled at each end in sleeve members 9'! and 38 preferably enveloping and slidably mounted on side rai-ls 2.2. 'Ihev rails. 22 are provided with slots 90 to accommodate the ends of shaft 2l in the slidable movement'of members 15 and 1:5. Each sleeve member 91 and 98 is provided with an inwardly extending lug portion m to which is secured one end' of a spring IDI, the other endv of which is secured to the underside of rail 23.

The pull of springs lill is balanced by a brake mechanism comprising a brake band l02,. aspring |03 and a sheave U64. Brake band |02'Y comprises a strap which is secured at one end to a bolt |05 mounted on side rail 22, and then passes around the sheave |04, the other end of the brake band |102 being attached to one end of the spring |03. The other end of spring L03 is anchored suitably tothe side rail 22. A warp guide H3 is mounted on rail 23 so as tobe freely slidable therewith.

A suitable form of shuttle is shown in Figs. 2, 3 andY 4. Spool E06 of woef thread is wound on a spindle |01 and is inserted into a side aperture in the body of the shuttle 68 which is hollowed out for the purpose and which has seats 108 and F09 atits opposite ends for the ends of the spindle. Adjacent the seat m9 is a bore I l!) which houses a plug I-H that' is split at H2 at its free end and which serves as a snap lock for securing the spindle |01 in place. The inner end of the plug is fast in its socket and the upper split portion of the plug is free` to expand to allow the spindle to be snapped into or out of the cross bore that pro- .vides a seat.

In the operation of the loom of the present invention, it is assumed that the loom has been folded` to the position shown in Fig. 5, wherein the parts are maintained in the collapsed or folded position by reason of the. tightening of the wing nuts 33. Moreover the treadles 54 have been swung to the position shown in Fig. 5 which demonstrates the compact arrangement of which the loom according to the present invention is capable. rIhe shuttle 68 is carried on the shelf I8.

Now, to bring the loom into operative condition,

the wing nuts 33 are loosened and the braces 3l and 32 are caused to assume the horizontal aligned position shown in Fig. 1, whereby the pivoted frames carrying the warp beam I9 and the. front breast rail 25 are permitted to rotate on their respective shafts 24 and 29 to assume outwardly inclined positions. The warp threads 20 are then threaded through the loom as previously described preparatory to weaving the fabric. The treadles 5 are rotated to their operating. position.

In the operation of weaving, the shuttle 68 is shifted back and forth through the shed. The

shed is changed each time the shuttle is passed therethrough, by operating the treadles 54/ in accordance with a predetermined sequence or permutation to produce. the desired woven effect. The batten or reed 38 is manipulated in the customary manner to press the weft threads together, as is well known in the art.

The warp guide H3 is in the form of an upstanding plate of a width approximating the spacing of the pegs 14 on the warp beam and having a multiplicity of holesl HQ through which warp threads are guided during the initial operation of mounting a supply of them on the warp beam. The guide plate H3 is attached to the rail 23 as by a sleeve l l5 that is slidable along the rail 23 and is thus adjustable along the rail for guiding the supply of warp threads between any pai-r of the pegs 14.

The harness frames 36 normally occupy positions at the lower limit of their movement in the rassente 6;. track ways 41, resting upon stops, not shown, and with their respective banks of warp threads 20 down so that they lie across the ledge bar 61 in the lower position shown in Fig. 7. When one of the treadles 5d is depressed, the lam or lams 53 to which such pedal is linked will operate the corresponding pair or pairs of' levers 5l-52 and raise the corresponding harness frame or frames 36 to carry the corresponding warp threads 20 to the raised position shown in Fig. 7, thus opening the proper shed for passage of' the shuttle` 68. Each lam 53 remains level, due to its connections through its respective levers 5l and 52 with its respective harness frame 35, regardless of where the pull of its link S4 is applied.

Although specific arrangements of the invention have been described, it is understood that details may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention and that al1 forms which come within the scope and equivalency of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim:

1. A loom comprising a main upright frame, a Yvertically disposed heddle frame vertically slidable in said main frame, a horizontally disposed below and substantially in the plane of movement of said heddle frame, a pair of levers pivoted between their ends in scissor-fashionv on a common stationary axis transverse to the plane of said heddle frame and having their respectively opposite corresponding arms respectively linked directly to said heddle frame and to said lam for imparting opposite parallel motions to said lam and heddle frame, and a treadle lever linlred to said lam.

2. A loom comprising a main upright frame, a vertically disposed heddle frame vertically slidable in said main frame, a horizontally disposed lam below and substantially in the plane of movement of said heddle frame, a pair of levers pivoted between their ends in scissor-fashion on a common stationary axis transverse to the plane of said' heddle frame and havin-g their respective opposite corresponding arms respectively linked directly to said heddle frame and to said lam for imparting` opposite parallel motions to said lam and heddle frame, a treadle supporting frame swingable between a horizontally extended position and an upright position on said main frame, and a treadlelever pivoted at the free end of said treadle frame and linked to said lam.

3'. A loom, comprising a main upright frame, a plurality of heddle frames vertically shiftable in said main frame, harness mechanism comprising a pair of levers and a lam bar for each said heddle frame, each such pair of levers and lam bar being located below and substantially in the same vertical plane with the respective heddle frame, the members of each pair of levers being pivoted for relative movement in scissorfashion on a common axis normal to the plane of movement of the heddle frames and having their respectively opposite corresponding arms r respectively linked directly to their said heddle frame and lam bar for imparting opposite parallel motions thereto, a treadle supporting frame hinged to said upright frame and swingable oe- .tween an outwardly extended horizontal position and an upright position, a plurality of treadle levers. hinged on said treadle supporting frame and extending crosswise of and below said lam barsV and arranged in a series lengthwise of said lam bars, and linkage means for connecting each said treadle to said lam bars selectively,

said linkage means being slidably connected to said treadle levers to permit said treadle supporting frame to be freely swung to its upright position without discontinuing said linkage means.

4. A loom comprising a supporting frame having spaced vertical guide ways at opposite sides thereof, a heddle frame vertically slidable along said guide ways, a horizontally disposed lam below and substantially in the plane of movement of said heddle frame, a pair of levers pivoted between their ends in scissor-fashion on a common stationary axis transverse to the plane of said heddle frame and having their respectively opposite corresponding arms respectively thrust linked to said heddle frame and tension linked to said lam for imparting opposite parallel motions to said lam and heddle frame, and a treadle lever linked to said lam.

5. A loom comprising a main upright frame,

a vertically disposed heddle frame vertically slidable in said main frame, a horizontally disposed lam below and substantially in the plane of movement of said heddle frame, a pair of levers pivoted between their ends on a common stationary axis transverse to the plane of said heddle frame, said levers each having one arm connected to said heddle frame and its other arm connected to said lam, for transmitting parallel motion from said lam to said heddle frame through scissor-fashion movement of said levers, the connection between said levers and heddie frame comprising thrust members, and the con Inections between said levers and lam comprising Y.) tension members, and treadle lever linked to said iam.

6. A loom comprising a main frame, a harness frame vertically reciprocable relative to said mam frame mechamsm mcludmg a' treadle for each having one arm connected to said harness raising said harness frame, a rear rail frame and a breast rail frame at opposite sides of said harness frame and pivotally mounted at their lower ends on said main frame, means connecting said rail frames to said main frame movable from 7.

a position holding said rail frames spread apart in operative position to a position holding said rail frames in folded position and means carrying said treadle and movably mounted on said main frame from a position supporting said trea- ,l

dle in extended operative position to a position supporting said treadle in retracted position approximately within the vertical confines of said main frame.

7. A loom comprising a, main frame, a harness frame vertically reciprocable relative to said main frame, mechanism including a treadle for raising said harness frame, a rear rail frame and a breast rail frame at opposite sides of said harness frame and movably mounted on said main frame from an operative position to a folded position and means carrying said treadle movably mounted on said main frame to carry said treadle in extended operative position when said rail frames are in operative position and to carry said treadle in retracted position when said rail frames are in folded position.

8. A loom comprising a main frame, a harness frame vertically reciprocable relative to said main frame, and mechanism located below the top of said harness frame for raising said harness frame, said mechanism comprising a pair of levers pivotally mounted between their ends on said main 8 frame, said levers being below said harness frame and extending substantially parallel to the plane of movement of said harness frame, each of said levers having one arm connected to said harness frame, a floating lam below said levers and extending substantially parallel to the plane of movement of said harness frame, connections between said lam and the other arm of each of said levers, and a treadle below and connected to said lam intermediate the connections between said lam and levers.

9. A loom comprising a main frame, a harness frame guided by and vertically reciprocable relative to said main frame, and mechanism located below said harness frame for raising the same, said mechanism comprising a pair of levers located below said harness frame and extending substantially parallel to the plane of movement of said harness frame, said levers being pivotally mounted between their ends on said main frame, a lam below said levers and extending substantially parallel to the plane of movement of said harness frame, links between said harness frame and corresponding ends of said levers, links between the other ends of said levers and said lam, said last-mentioned links carrying said lam from said levers, a treadle below and extending transversely of said lam and means connecting said treadle to said lain intermediate said last-mentioned links for lowering said lam upon depression of said treadle.

10. A loom comprising a main upright frame, a vertically disposed harness frame vertically slidable in said main frame, a horizontally disposed lam below and substantially in the plane of movement of said harness frame, a pair of levers below and substantially in the plane of movement of said harness frame and pivoted between their ends on said main frame, said levers frame and the other arm connected to an end cf said lam for transmitting parallel motion from said lain to said harness frame, the vconnections between said harness frame and levers comprising thrust members and the connections between said levers and lam comprising tension members, and a treadle below and extending transversely of said lam and operatively connected to said lam between its ends.

ARTHUR BOOTH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 165,666 Gould July 20, 1875 778,668 Hudson Dec. 27, 1904 1,020,292 Kinney Mar. 12, 1912 1,904,715 Bergman Apr. 18, 1933 1,911,822 Gilmore May 30, 1933 2,157,304 Pullins May 9, 1939 2,250,061 Gilmore July 22, 1941 2,380,233 Greenwood July l0, 1945 ,2,458,069 Gilmore Jan. 4, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 1,516 France Dec. 31, 1828 5,564 Norway Nov. 26, 1896 70,582 Sweden Mar. 31, 1929 82.161 Sweden Oct. 4. 1934 

